When a port that should be open isn't
Work through the chain from the inside out. Each step has a distinct failure signature, so the tool result tells you where to look:
- Is the service running? On the server:
ss -tlnp(Linux) ornetstat -ab(Windows). No listener → start or fix the service. - Is it bound to the right interface? A listener on
127.0.0.1only accepts local connections; it must bind0.0.0.0(or your public interface) for external access. Symptom from outside: timeout or closed. - Does the OS firewall allow it?
ufw status,firewall-cmd --list-allor Windows Firewall rules. Symptom: timeout. - Does the network allow it? Cloud security groups, NAT/port-forwarding rules, corporate firewalls. Symptom: timeout.
Before all of this, confirm the hostname resolves to the server you think it does with a DNS lookup — testing the wrong IP is the classic wasted hour.